|
Problem-solving courts (PSC) address the underlying problems that contribute to criminal behavior and are a current trend in the legal system of the United States. In 1989, a judge in Miami began to take a hands-on approach to drug addicts, ordering them into treatment, rather than perpetuating the revolving door of court and prison. The result was creation of drug court, a diversion program. That same concept began to be applied to difficult situations where legal, social and human problems mesh. There were over 2,800 problem-solving courts in 2008, intended to provide a method of resolving the problem in order to reduce recidivism.〔 ==Efforts== Judith Kaye was Chief Judge of the state New York from 1993-2008 where she was most responsible for implementing court reform utilizing problem-solving courts in her state, one of the first in the nation. She also co-founded the Center for Court Innovation, a non-profit think tank headquartered in New York that helps courts and criminal justice agencies decrease crime, provide aid to victims and increase the public's confidence in the justice system.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Decade of Change: The First 10 Years of the Center for Court Innovation )〕 Center for Court Innovation researchers explored whether problem-solving justice always requires a specialized court or if core principles and practices from these specialized courts are transferable to conventional courts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Applying the problem-solving model outside of problem-solving courts )〕 After interviewing judges, attorneys and representatives from probation departments and service providers, researchers concluded that a number of principles—such as judicial monitoring and linking offenders to services—could be transferable. The study, conducted in cooperation with the Collaborative Justice Courts Advisory Committee of the Judicial Council of California, was the first of its kind in the country. In 2005, The New Press published ''Good Courts: The Case for Problem-Solving Justice''. The first book to describe the problem-solving court movement in detail, ''Good Courts'' features profiles of Center demonstration projects. The book is being used in law schools and public policy schools, due in part to a law school course on problem-solving justice that the Center piloted at Fordham Law School.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.courtinnovation.org/research/good-courts-case-problem-solving-justice-0 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Problem-Solving Justice: A Law School Course )〕 The National Association of Drug Court Professionals had more than 25,000 members working in 2,663 drug courts and 1,219 other problem-solving courts as of late 2011. Their annual conference offers education and training from experts for problem-solving professionals world-wide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.policyoptions.org/camden/article/nadcp-18th-annual-training-conference )〕 Both problem-solving courts and the use of therapeutic jurisprudence greatly improved the outcomes of most cases. Programs have been established for teen court, DWI court, re-entry court Community court, Domestic violence court, Sex offense court, mental health court, and veterans' court. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Problem-solving courts in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|